The real estate sector is responsible for nearly 40% of the global greenhouse gas emissions, contributing significantly to climate change. To tackle this problem, since 2002 the European Union has issued a series of directives aimed improving energy efficiency in the real estate sector through the implementation of various measures, including the mandatory issuance of energy performance certificates and the promotion of nearly zero-energy buildings (nZeb). These policies have fostered the development of sustainable and innovative business models for enhancing energy efficiency in existing buildings and constructing new, highly efficient ones. This research investigates the economic effectiveness and replicability of a sustainable and innovative business model, successfully implemented in Europe, within the Italian context, with a particular focus on improving the energy efficiency of real estate assets. The research methodology consists of three main phases: i) a literature review on sustainable business models in the building sector, ii) an analysis of 37 European case studies using MCA and RSA, and iii) the validation of one of these models in Italy. In the first phase, various business models used for energy-efficient construction and renovation in Europe are identified and analyzed based on the actors involved, their roles, their respective interactions and the models' connections to energy certifications such as LEED and BREEAM. The second phase involves analyzing case studies from countries such as Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain, which have implemented more successful energy policies compared to Italy. MCA and RSA methodologies are applied to explore relationships between variables and identify best practices within the data set, with RSA allowing the analysis of incomplete data. The final phase focuses on ascertaining the viability of adopting a certain sustainable business model in the Italian residential context. A renovation project in San Giobbe, Venice, owned by the ATER of Venice, serves as the case study. Particularly, the analysis compares the traditional ATER model with the innovative Energy Plus Service model. The results show that while the ATER model offers higher initial revenue, it exposes ATER to greater financial risk. Conversely, the Energy Plus Service model provides lower initial profits but transfers most of the investment risks to third parties, such as energy service companies (ESCo), thus offering better financial value and risk mitigation. The results obtained contribute significantly to both theory and practice. The literature review on business models provides an updated and comprehensive framework for understanding the current policy dynamics and sustainable models for energy efficiency and construction in Europe. The methodological approach, based on advanced tools such as MCA and RSA, fosters the possibilities of data analysis and interpretation, especially in the case of incomplete or complex information. The practical application of the Energy Plus Service model in the Italian context shows the possibilities and limitations of traditional and innovative strategies for real estate management and demonstrated the feasibility of implementing sustainable models as well as the potential for risk mitigation and financial efficiency improvement. Furthermore, this research provides an updated framework for sustainable business models, introduces innovative data analysis techniques and demonstrating the applicability of the Energy Plus Service model in Italy.
Il settore immobiliare è responsabile di quasi il 40% delle emissioni globali di gas serra, contribuendo significativamente al cambiamento climatico. Per affrontare questo problema, dal 2002 l'Unione Europea ha emanato una serie di direttive volte a migliorare l'efficienza energetica nel settore immobiliare attraverso l'implementazione di varie misure, inclusa l'emissione obbligatoria di certificati di prestazione energetica e la promozione di edifici a energia quasi zero (nZeb). Queste politiche hanno favorito lo sviluppo di modelli imprenditoriali sostenibili e innovativi per migliorare l'efficienza energetica negli edifici esistenti e costruire nuovi edifici altamente efficienti. Questa ricerca indaga l'efficacia economica e la replicabilità di un modello imprenditoriale sostenibile e innovativo, implementato con successo in Europa, nel contesto italiano, con particolare attenzione al miglioramento dell'efficienza energetica degli asset immobiliari. La metodologia di ricerca si compone di tre fasi principali: i) una revisione della letteratura sui modelli imprenditoriali sostenibili nel settore edilizio, ii) un'analisi di 37 casi studio europei utilizzando MCA e RSA, e iii) la validazione di uno di questi modelli in Italia. Nella prima fase, vengono identificati e analizzati vari modelli imprenditoriali utilizzati per la costruzione e ristrutturazione ad alta efficienza energetica in Europa, basandosi sugli attori coinvolti, i loro ruoli, le rispettive interazioni e le connessioni dei modelli con le certificazioni energetiche come LEED e BREEAM. La seconda fase prevede l'analisi di casi studio provenienti da paesi come Belgio, Francia, Germania, Paesi Bassi e Spagna, che hanno implementato politiche energetiche più efficaci rispetto all'Italia. Le metodologie MCA e RSA vengono applicate per esplorare le relazioni tra variabili e identificare le migliori pratiche all'interno del set di dati, con RSA che consente l'analisi di dati incompleti. La fase finale si concentra sull'accertare la fattibilità di adottare un determinato modello imprenditoriale sostenibile nel contesto residenziale italiano. Un progetto di ristrutturazione a San Giobbe, Venezia, di proprietà dell'ATER di Venezia, funge da caso studio. In particolare, l'analisi confronta il modello ATER tradizionale con l'innovativo modello Energy Plus Service. I risultati mostrano che mentre il modello ATER offre ricavi iniziali più elevati, espone ATER a maggiori rischi finanziari. Al contrario, il modello Energy Plus Service fornisce profitti iniziali inferiori ma trasferisce la maggior parte dei rischi di investimento a terze parti, come le società di servizi energetici (ESCo), offrendo così un migliore valore finanziario e mitigazione del rischio. I risultati ottenuti contribuiscono significativamente sia alla teoria che alla pratica. La revisione della letteratura sui modelli imprenditoriali fornisce un quadro aggiornato e completo per comprendere le attuali dinamiche politiche e i modelli sostenibili per l'efficienza energetica e la costruzione in Europa. L'approccio metodologico, basato su strumenti avanzati come MCA e RSA, favorisce le possibilità di analisi e interpretazione dei dati, specialmente nel caso di informazioni incomplete o complesse. L'applicazione pratica del modello Energy Plus Service nel contesto italiano mostra le possibilità e i limiti delle strategie tradizionali e innovative per la gestione immobiliare e ha dimostrato la fattibilità di implementare modelli sostenibili così come il potenziale per la mitigazione del rischio e il miglioramento dell'efficienza finanziaria. Inoltre, questa ricerca fornisce un quadro aggiornato per i modelli imprenditoriali sostenibili, introduce tecniche innovative di analisi dei dati e dimostra l'applicabilità del modello Energy Plus Service in Italia.
Modelli imprenditoriali innovativi e sostenibili per l’efficienza energetica nel settore edilizio / Donati, Edda. - (2025 Sep 26).
Modelli imprenditoriali innovativi e sostenibili per l’efficienza energetica nel settore edilizio
DONATI, EDDA
2025-09-26
Abstract
The real estate sector is responsible for nearly 40% of the global greenhouse gas emissions, contributing significantly to climate change. To tackle this problem, since 2002 the European Union has issued a series of directives aimed improving energy efficiency in the real estate sector through the implementation of various measures, including the mandatory issuance of energy performance certificates and the promotion of nearly zero-energy buildings (nZeb). These policies have fostered the development of sustainable and innovative business models for enhancing energy efficiency in existing buildings and constructing new, highly efficient ones. This research investigates the economic effectiveness and replicability of a sustainable and innovative business model, successfully implemented in Europe, within the Italian context, with a particular focus on improving the energy efficiency of real estate assets. The research methodology consists of three main phases: i) a literature review on sustainable business models in the building sector, ii) an analysis of 37 European case studies using MCA and RSA, and iii) the validation of one of these models in Italy. In the first phase, various business models used for energy-efficient construction and renovation in Europe are identified and analyzed based on the actors involved, their roles, their respective interactions and the models' connections to energy certifications such as LEED and BREEAM. The second phase involves analyzing case studies from countries such as Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Spain, which have implemented more successful energy policies compared to Italy. MCA and RSA methodologies are applied to explore relationships between variables and identify best practices within the data set, with RSA allowing the analysis of incomplete data. The final phase focuses on ascertaining the viability of adopting a certain sustainable business model in the Italian residential context. A renovation project in San Giobbe, Venice, owned by the ATER of Venice, serves as the case study. Particularly, the analysis compares the traditional ATER model with the innovative Energy Plus Service model. The results show that while the ATER model offers higher initial revenue, it exposes ATER to greater financial risk. Conversely, the Energy Plus Service model provides lower initial profits but transfers most of the investment risks to third parties, such as energy service companies (ESCo), thus offering better financial value and risk mitigation. The results obtained contribute significantly to both theory and practice. The literature review on business models provides an updated and comprehensive framework for understanding the current policy dynamics and sustainable models for energy efficiency and construction in Europe. The methodological approach, based on advanced tools such as MCA and RSA, fosters the possibilities of data analysis and interpretation, especially in the case of incomplete or complex information. The practical application of the Energy Plus Service model in the Italian context shows the possibilities and limitations of traditional and innovative strategies for real estate management and demonstrated the feasibility of implementing sustainable models as well as the potential for risk mitigation and financial efficiency improvement. Furthermore, this research provides an updated framework for sustainable business models, introduces innovative data analysis techniques and demonstrating the applicability of the Energy Plus Service model in Italy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Innovative and sustainable business models for energy efficiency in the building sector
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