In 1778 Tommaso Temanza described Giovanni Scalfarotto's project for the reconstruction of the church of San Rocco, claiming «che quel tempio sembrava murato in una stessa epoca e da un solo architetto». The church - erected in 1489 by the confraternity of San Rocco in honour of its patron saint - was partially reconstructed between 1725 and 1736 to Scalfarotto's design. The intervention regarded only the nave, where the perimeter walls were kept in place by means of an innovative scaffolding system. The presbytery, which presented no structural problems, was preserved and, in order to maintain continuity with the decorative apparatus, became the model for the new construction. Temanza's words gave rise to an ambiguity: the impression that the entire church had been designed by a single architect in a single era, celebrated Scalfarotto's ability to reinterpret the pre-existing structure according to the taste of the time while retaining its sixteenth-century stylistic features, but was often misread as evidence of mere imitation. This ambiguity stifled the historiographical production on the intervention, which remains scant; the hypothesis that it amounted to nothing more than a reconstruction of the pre-existing building diminished the relevance of the project and, consequently, the role of its designer, who - lacking inventio- would have operated on the building site only as a proto. The scarcity of studies is probably also related to the complexity of the Archivio di San Rocco, where only a recent indexing campaign has brought to light a section devoted exclusively to the eighteenth-century intervention, hitherto overlooked by scholarship, which forms the documentary basis of this thesis: three registri di fabbrica and the filza of the building site documents. Through a critical and cross-referenced analysis of the sources, it has been possible to reconstruct the chronology of events and define the dynamics of management and organisation of the building site. Four figures emerge as central to the fabbrica of the church: the accountant Antonio Rizzi, the architect Giovanni Scalfarotto, and the two deputati sopra la fabbrica, Mattio Mezzi and Antonio Zanetti Giusti, direct representatives of the patron's will. While the presence of the deputati had initially led scholars to question Scalfarotto's authorship, the analysis of three specific episodes and of an autograph document by the architect demonstrates the centrality of his role as designer. The thesis is structured in two parts. The first is devoted to the original fabbrica: through a critical re-examination of the existing scholarship, it challenges the hypothesis of a unified project and its attribution to proto Pietro Bon, arguing instead for a multiphase construction process that would account for the heterogeneity of the architectural languages distinguishing the presbytery from the nave. The second part, focused on the eighteenth century, deepens our understanding of the historical building site through the study of construction methodologies, the use of perizia as an integral part of the design process, and the role of architectural drawings in competitive selection procedures. The thesis proposes a revision of the historiography on the church of San Rocco and presents the hitherto uncharted profile of Giovanni Scalfarotto as a designer.
Nel 1778 Tommaso Temanza descrisse il progetto di Giovanni Scalfarotto per la ricostruzione della chiesa di San Rocco, sostenendo «che quel tempio sembrava murato in una stessa epoca e da un solo architetto». La chiesa – eretta nel 1489 per volontà della confraternita di San Rocco, in onore del santo patrono – venne parzialmente ricostruita tra il 1725 e il 1736 su progetto di Scalfarotto. L’intervento interessò soltanto la navata, dove i muri perimetrali vennero demoliti e ricostruiti dalle fondazioni, mentre la copertura venne tenuta in opera, grazie a un innovativo sistema di ponteggi. L’area del presbiterio, che non presentava problemi statici, venne invece preservata e, per mantenere la continuità dell’apparato decorativo, divenne modello per la nuova costruzione. Le parole di Temanza diedero adito a un’ambiguità: l’impressione che tutta la chiesa fosse stata progettata da un solo architetto e in un solo tempo celebrava la capacità di Scalfarotto di reinterpretare la preesistenza secondo il gusto del tempo mantenendo gli stilemi cinquecenteschi, ma venne spesso fraintesa come una denuncia di una mera operazione imitativa. Questa ambiguità frenò la produzione storiografica sull’intervento, di fatto esigua; l’ipotesi che non fosse che una ricostruzione della preesistenza sminuì la rilevanza del progetto e di conseguenza il ruolo del progettista, che, senza inventio, avrebbe operato nel cantiere prevalentemente come proto. La scarsità di studi è probabilmente correlata anche alla complessità dell’archivio di San Rocco, dove soltanto una recente indicizzazione ha palesato la presenza di una sezione dedicata esclusivamente all’intervento settecentesco, finora ignorata dalla storiografia, su cui si basa la presente tesi: tre registri di fabbrica e la filza dei documenti del cantiere. Attraverso l’analisi critica e incrociata delle fonti è stato possibile ricostruire la cronologia degli eventi e definire le dinamiche di gestione e organizzazione del cantiere. Sono in particolare quattro le figure che risultano centrali all’interno della fabbrica della chiesa: il contabile Antonio Rizzi, l’architetto Giovanni Scalfarotto e i due deputati sopra la fabbrica, Mattio Mezzi e Antonio Zanetti Giusti, espressione diretta della volontà della committenza. Se la presenza dei deputati aveva inizialmente portato a mettere in discussione l’autorialità progettuale di Scalfarotto, attraverso lo studio di tre episodi specifici e di un documento autografo dell’architetto, la tesi dimostra la centralità del suo ruolo come progettista. La tesi è articolata in due parti. La prima è dedicata alla fabbrica quattrocentesca: attraverso lo studio critico della storiografia, viene proposta una rilettura che mette in discussione l’ipotesi di un progetto unitario e l’attribuzione a Pietro Bon, sostenendo un’articolazione in più fasi che spiegherebbe l’eterogeneità di linguaggi che caratterizzavano il presbiterio e la navata. La seconda, incentrata sul periodo settecentesco, approfondisce la conoscenza del cantiere storico attraverso lo studio delle metodologie di intervento, l’impiego della perizia come parte integrante del processo progettuale e la valenza del disegno architettonico nelle procedure concorsuali. La tesi propone una revisione della storiografia sulla chiesa di San Rocco e presenta l’inedito profilo di Giovanni Scalfarotto come progettista.
Giovanni Scalfarotto e la fabbrica della ricostruzione della chiesa della Scuola grande di San Rocco a Venezia, 1725 – 1736 / Giannesini, T.. - (2026 Jul 06). [10.25432/giannesini-tuia_phd2026-07-06]
Giovanni Scalfarotto e la fabbrica della ricostruzione della chiesa della Scuola grande di San Rocco a Venezia, 1725 – 1736
GIANNESINI, TUIA
2026-07-06
Abstract
In 1778 Tommaso Temanza described Giovanni Scalfarotto's project for the reconstruction of the church of San Rocco, claiming «che quel tempio sembrava murato in una stessa epoca e da un solo architetto». The church - erected in 1489 by the confraternity of San Rocco in honour of its patron saint - was partially reconstructed between 1725 and 1736 to Scalfarotto's design. The intervention regarded only the nave, where the perimeter walls were kept in place by means of an innovative scaffolding system. The presbytery, which presented no structural problems, was preserved and, in order to maintain continuity with the decorative apparatus, became the model for the new construction. Temanza's words gave rise to an ambiguity: the impression that the entire church had been designed by a single architect in a single era, celebrated Scalfarotto's ability to reinterpret the pre-existing structure according to the taste of the time while retaining its sixteenth-century stylistic features, but was often misread as evidence of mere imitation. This ambiguity stifled the historiographical production on the intervention, which remains scant; the hypothesis that it amounted to nothing more than a reconstruction of the pre-existing building diminished the relevance of the project and, consequently, the role of its designer, who - lacking inventio- would have operated on the building site only as a proto. The scarcity of studies is probably also related to the complexity of the Archivio di San Rocco, where only a recent indexing campaign has brought to light a section devoted exclusively to the eighteenth-century intervention, hitherto overlooked by scholarship, which forms the documentary basis of this thesis: three registri di fabbrica and the filza of the building site documents. Through a critical and cross-referenced analysis of the sources, it has been possible to reconstruct the chronology of events and define the dynamics of management and organisation of the building site. Four figures emerge as central to the fabbrica of the church: the accountant Antonio Rizzi, the architect Giovanni Scalfarotto, and the two deputati sopra la fabbrica, Mattio Mezzi and Antonio Zanetti Giusti, direct representatives of the patron's will. While the presence of the deputati had initially led scholars to question Scalfarotto's authorship, the analysis of three specific episodes and of an autograph document by the architect demonstrates the centrality of his role as designer. The thesis is structured in two parts. The first is devoted to the original fabbrica: through a critical re-examination of the existing scholarship, it challenges the hypothesis of a unified project and its attribution to proto Pietro Bon, arguing instead for a multiphase construction process that would account for the heterogeneity of the architectural languages distinguishing the presbytery from the nave. The second part, focused on the eighteenth century, deepens our understanding of the historical building site through the study of construction methodologies, the use of perizia as an integral part of the design process, and the role of architectural drawings in competitive selection procedures. The thesis proposes a revision of the historiography on the church of San Rocco and presents the hitherto uncharted profile of Giovanni Scalfarotto as a designer.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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