L’evoluzione del concetto di autenticità dalla Carta di Venezia alla contemporaneità

The debate on the concept of «authenticity» has a founding moment in the Preamble of the Venice Charter. However, over time, it has become a conceptual tool affected by multiple meanings and definitions. «Authenticity» in at least 34 of the 48 Charters that succeeded the Venice Charter from 1964 to 2023 is a notion underlying the idea of «transmission to future generations». Among these, the Nara Charter (1994) in Art. 10 defines, with reference to the Venice Charter, the concept of «authenticity» as an «essential qualifying factor with regard to values» that cannot be determined by «fixed criteria» but is based on «respect for all cultures», also associated with it are concepts such as «integrity» (1964), «spirit of place» (1981), «community» (1982) «cultural value» (1992), «cultural significance» (1999), and – in the most recent charters – «tangible and intangible aspects» (2019). The evolution of meanings, itself a metaphor for the changes in society, is fluctuating over time. For its interpretation, Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) and text encoding tools, such as MAXQDA2022, can help to explicate (and generate) the relationships between concepts and their application in time and cultural context, in the manner of the Transformation Maps by Word Economic Forum Strategic Intelligence. The research defines a reading path of the International Charters (starting with introducing the term authenticity of the Venice Charter) to grasp their evolution and transformation about the historical and cultural contexts from which Charters originate. The parallelism between the evolutionary matrix of the concepts generated by the A.I. and the critical interpretation of the concepts writes an evolutionary conceptual history of the authenticity-integrity binomial.