Circular Adaptability and Remanufacturing Readiness in Healthcare Infrastructure

Healthcare infrastructure in fragile and post-conflict contexts must remain usable while facing scarcity, disrupted lifelines, weak maintenance capacity, and incomplete documentation. Drawing on five healthcare facilities across the Tigray referral network, this study explores how circularity and remanufacturing readiness can be translated from product-based approaches to long-life healthcare assets. RAF(+I) is used as an architectural framework in which Flexibility defines the structural and infrastructural capacity to absorb change, Adaptability the spatial capacity to accommodate evolving uses, and Resilience the resulting ability to retain or recover usable clinical capacity. Incrementalism provides the operational strategy through which these capacities can be progressively strengthened. The study identifies layered design, accessible service infrastructures, protected spatial reserves, repairability, and staged upgrading as key conditions for extending asset life while preserving future transformation options in resource-constrained settings.